This reading list was compiled by Dr Maria Chazapis, Regional Fellow at UCH, London.
Disclaimer:
This list is not intended to be inclusive or fully comprehensive. These titles serve as suggested starting points for those seeking more information.
Inclusion of an article on this list does not imply endorsement by RA-UK.
Upper Limb Nerve Blocks
General
- K. Russon, T. Pickworth, W. Harrop-Griffiths. Upper limb blocks. Anaesthesia 2010, 65: 48-56.
- Neal JM, Gerancher JC, Hebl JR, Ilfeld BM, McCartneyCJL, Franco CD and Hogan QH. Upper Extremity Regional Anesthesia: Essentials of Our Current Understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2009;34: 134-170
- Moayeri N, Bigeleisen PE, Groen GJ. Quantitative Architecture of the Brachial Plexus and Surrounding Compartments and Their Possible Significance for Brachial Plexus Blocks. Anesthesiology 2008;108:299-304
- Franco CD, Rahman A, Voronov G, Kerns JM, Beck RJ and Buckenmaier III CC. Gross Anatomy of the Brachial Plexus Sheath in Human Cadavers. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2008; 33(1): 64–69
- Cornish P B, Leaper C. The Sheath of the Brachial Plexus: Fact or Fiction? Anesthesiology 2006; 105:563–5
- Xavier Demondion, Pascal Herbinet, Nathalie Boutry, Christian Fontaine, Jean-Paul Francke and Anne Cotten. Sonographic Mapping of the Normal Brachial Plexus. American Journal of Neuroradiology 24:1303-1309, August 2003
Interscalene
- Winnie A. Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block. Anesth Analg 1970; 49:3; 455-466
- Pippa P, Cominelli E, Marinelli C, Aito S. Brachial plexus block using the posterior approach. Eur J Anaesth 1990;7: 411–20
- Aszmann O, Dellon A, Birely B, McFarland E. Innervation of the Human Shoulder Joint and Its Implications for Surgery. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1996; 330: 202-207
- Meier G, Bauereis C, Heinrich C. [Interscalene brachial plexus catheter for anesthesia and postoperative pain therapy. Experience with a modified technique]. Der Anaesthesist 1997; 46:715–9
- Borgeat Ekatodramis G. Anaesthesia for shoulder surgery. Best Practice & Research Anaesthesiology 2002; 16:2: 211-225
- Borgeat A, Dullenkopf A, Ekatodramis G, Nagy L. Evaluation of the lateral modified approach for continuous interscalene block after shoulder surgery. Anesthesiology 2003; 99:436–42
Supraclavicular
- Chan VWS, Perlas A, Rawson R, Odukoya. Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. Anesth Analg 2003;97:1514 –7
Infraclavicular
- Alain Borgeat, Georgios Ekatodramis, Charles Dumont. An Evaluation of the Infraclavicular Block via a Modified Approach of the Raj Technique Anesth Analg 2001; 93:436-441
- Sandhu NS, Capan LM. Ultrasound-guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block. BJA 2002;89:254-259
- Øivind Klaastad, Örjan Smedby, Trygve Kjelstrup, and Hans-Jørgen Smith. The Vertical Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Simulation Study Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anesth Analg 2005 101:273-278
Axillary
- G Retzl, S Kapral, M Greher and W Mauritz. Ultrasonographic Findings of the Axillary Part of the Brachial Plexus. Anesth Analg 2001;92:1271–5
- Chan VWS, Perlas A, McCartney CJL, Brull R, Xu D, Abbas S. Ultrasound Guidance Improves Success Rate of Axillary Brachial Plexus Block. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2007;54:176-182
- J.-L. Christophe, F. Berthier, A. Boillot, L. Tatu, A. Viennet, N. Boichut and E. Samain. Assessment of topographic brachial plexus nerves variations at the axilla using ultrasonography. British Journal of Anaesthesia 103 (4): 606–12 (2009)
Peripheral
- Boles CA, Kannam S, Cardwell AB. The Forearm: Anatomy of Muscle Compartments and Nerves. AJR 2000;174:151-159
Lower Limb Nerve Blocks
General
- Birnbaum K, Prescher A, Hesser S, Heller KD. The sensory innervation of the hip joint--an anatomical study. Surg Radiol Anat. 1997; 19(6): 371-5.
- F. Kayser Enneking, F, Vincent Chan V, Greger J et al. Lower-Extremity Peripheral Nerve Blockade: Essentials of Our Current Understanding. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005 30(1): 4–35
- De Tran Q, Clemente A, Finlayson RJ. A review of approaches and techniques for lower extremity nerve blocks Can J Anaesth 2007; 54(11): 922–934
Lumbar Plexus
- Chayen D, Nathan H, Chayen M. The Psoas Compartment Block. Anesthesiology 1976; 43(1); 95-99
- Kirchmair L, Entner T, Wissel J et al. A Study of the Paravertebral Anatomy for Ultrasound-Guided Posterior Lumbar Plexus Block. Anesth Analg 2001;93:477–81
- Greengrass RA. Posterior Lumbar Plexus Block. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2003; 7(1): 3-7
- Mannion S, Barrett J, Kelly D et al. A Description of the Spread of Injectate After Psoas Compartment Block Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005;30:567-571
- Capdevila X, Coimbra C, Choquet, O. Approaches to the Lumbar Plexus: Success, Risks, and Outcome. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2005; 30(2): 150–162
- Touray ST, de Leeuw MA, Zuurmond WWA, Perez RSGM. Psoas compartment block for lower extremity surgery: a meta-analysis. Brit J Anaesth 2008; 101 (6): 750–60
- Manassero A, Bossolasco M, Ugues S, Palmisano S, De Bonis U, Coletta G. Ultrasound-guided obturator nerve block. Interfascial injection versus a neuro-stimulation assisted technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2011; 37 (1): 67-71
Femoral
- Lopez S, Gros T, Bernard N, Plasse C, Capdevila X. Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Femoral Bone Fractures in Pre-Hospital Care. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003; 28(3): 203-20
- Ng I, Himat Vaghadia H, Choi PT, Helmy N. Ultrasound Imaging Accurately Identifies the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve. Anesth Analg 2008; 107:1070–4
- Gustafson KJ, Pinault GCJ, Neville JJ et al. 2009. Fascicular anatomy of human femoral nerve: Implications for neural prostheses using nerve cuff electrodes. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development; 46(7): 973-984
- Paul JE, Arya A, Hurlburt L, Ji Cheng J, Thabane L, Tidy A, Murthy Y. Femoral Nerve Block Improves Analgesia Outcomes after Total Knee Arthroplasty. A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Anesthesiology 2010; 113:1144–62
- Continuous adductor-canal-blockade for adjuvant post-operative analgesia after major knee surgery: preliminary results. Acta Anaes Scand 2011; 55: 14-19.
Sciatic
- Karmakar MK, Kwok WH, Ho AM, Tsang K, Chui PT, Gin T. Ultrasound-guided sciatic nerve block: description of a new approach at the subgluteal space. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98: 390–5
- Ben-Ari AY, Joshi R, Uskova A, Chelly JE. Ultrasound Localization of the Sacral Plexus Using a Parasacral Approach. Anesth Analg 2009: 108 (6): 1977-80
Popliteal
- Vloka JD, Hadzic A, Lesser JB et al. A Common Epineural Sheath for the Nerves in the Popliteal Fossa and Its Possible Implications for Sciatic Nerve Block. Anesth Analg 1997; 84: 387-90
- Vloka JD, Hadzic A, April E, Thys DM. The Division of the Sciatic Nerve in the Popliteal Fossa: Anatomical Implications for Popliteal Nerve Blockade. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 215–7
- Sinha A, Chan VWS. Ultrasound Imaging for Popliteal Sciatic Nerve Block Reg Anesth Pain Med 2004; 29: 130-134
Neuraxial and Truncal Nerve Blocks
Paravertebral
- Lonnqvist P, Hildingsson U. The caudal boundary of the thoracic Paravertebral Space. A Study in Human Cadavers. Anaesthesia 1992; 47: 1051-1052
- Richardson J, Lonnqvist PA. Thoracic Paravertebral Block. British Journal Anaesthesia 1998; 81: 230-238
- Ben-Ari A, Moreno M, Chelly J, Bigeleisen PE. Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Block using an Intercostal Approach. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2009; 109(5): 1691-1694
- Marhofer P, Kettner SC, Hajbok L, Dubsky P, Fleischmann E. Lateral Ultrasound-guided Paravertebral Blockade: an Anatomical-based Description of a New Technique. British Journal Anaesthesia 2010; 105(4): 526-532
- Tighe SQM, Greene MD, Rajadurai N. Paravertebral Block. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain 2010; 10(5): 133-137
- Riain SCO, O Donnell B, Cuffe T, Harmon DC, Fraher JP, Shorten G. Thoracic Paravertebral Block Using Real-time Ultrasound Guidance. Anesthesia and Analgesia 2010; 110(1): 248-251
Neuraxial
- Hogan QH. Anatomy of spinal anesthesia: some old and new findings. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 1998; 23(4): 340-343
- Hogan QH. Epidural Anatomy: New Observations. Can J Anaes 1998; 45(1): 40-48
- Peyton PJ, Myles PS, Silbert BS, Rigg JA, Jamrozik K, Parsons R. Perioperative Epidural Analgesia and Outcome After Major Abdominal Surgery in High-Risk Patients. Anesth Analg 2003;96:548 –54
- Cook TM, Counsell D, Wildsmith JAW. Major complications of central neuraxial block: report on the Third National Audit of The Royal College of Anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth 2009; 102: 179-90.
Truncal
- Tran TMN, Ivanusic JJ, Hebbard P, M. J. Barrington MJ. Determination of spread of injectate after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric study. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009; 102(1): 123-7
- Jankovic ZB, du Feu FM, McConnell P. An Anatomical Study of the Transversus Abdominis Plane Block: Location of the Lumbar Triangle of Petit and Adjacent Nerves Anesth Analg 2009; 109: 981–5
- El-Dawlatly AA, Turkistani A, Kettner C et al. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block: description of a new technique and comparison with conventional systemic analgesia during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009; 102 (6): 763-7
- Belavy D, Cowlishaw PJ, Howes M, Phillips F. Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after Caesarean delivery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 2009; 103(5): 726–30